交流站:简也传统 繁亦演化
In response to the letter "The depth of traditional Chinese characters embodies the warmth of culture, 24/10", the writer, Dr Wong Lung Hsiang, a researcher from NIE, opined that the beauty of Chinese characters does not lie in whether they are simplified or traditional, but in understanding and transmitting the cultural meaning of the characters. The writer explained that simplified characters evolved naturally from historical cursive and semi-cursive scripts rather than being arbitrarily altered, and noted that readers perceive characters as whole symbols, connecting meaning subconsciously. They suggested that Chinese language classes in schools could incorporate occasional activities allowing students to appreciate the structural beauty and cultural implications of traditional characters to foster respect for the Chinese character system but cautioned that excessive obsession with teaching traditional characters in classes may cause students to lose interest in the language instead. They emphasised that in the digital age, more attention should be paid to whether the Chinese language still effectively serves its purpose of communication and understanding rather than insisting on form.
刘伊宁于10月24日在《联合早报·交流站》发表《繁体字的深邃是文化的温度》,主张简体字让汉字“变得冰冷、快餐、便捷”,而繁体字保留文化的“深邃与温度”。作为一名曾经系统学习过繁体,如今在手写时可以随时切换繁、简体字的教育研究者及专栏作者,我理解作者的情感,但想从另一角度温和提醒:我们感受到“温度”的,并不一定是字形结构本身,而是文化经验的积累与语境的联结。若把文化的传承寄托在具体汉字部件上,或许是一种对语文教学(尤其是华文第二语文教学)和语言心理学的误解。
例如,“親”“愛”“產”等繁体字,常被反对简体者当成典型例子,指责“亲不见、爱无心、产无生”。这类仿似“缺了注脚性部件”的字,其实在简体字体系中是极少数个案。如刘伊宁文中指出,大多数简体字并非现代人凭空 “部件阉割”,而是源自晋唐以来草书、行书的笔画演化,包括亲、爱、产,属于传统书写轨迹的一部分。
为何不识繁体的孩子在初见繁体字时,会因结构复杂而难以理解,但熟悉繁体字的读者能一眼认出整字、联想到情感内涵?根据语言心理学研究,我们在识别汉字时,不会拆解字形理解意思,而是借由文字整体的形状与语境联想。
以“爱”字为例,古代书法家写行、草书时,“愛”字的心常被化为连笔,形成习惯笔法,最终沿用为简体字形。现代语言心理学家的汉字识别(形、音、义的激活路径)研究表明,在阅读过程中,读者会把整个字当作一体的“符号”来识别——无论有“心”或无“心”,只要辨识“爱”字,就能从长期记忆里提取涵义而心领神会,下意识地脑补它跟心有关。
也有简体字优于繁体字的例子,如“尘”是“小土”,“体”是“人本”,都承袭自行、草书里相应的会意字;“塵”和“體”明明身为形声字,“鹿”和“豊”却可能让人“发错音”。
我们可以在华文课堂进行挑选繁体字来认读的活动,让学生欣赏繁体字的结构之美和文化意涵,作为偶尔为之的文化体验,培养孩子对汉字系统的敬意。繁体字就像书法古卷,远观有美,细品有味;可真要学生天天“驚鴻遊戲蟬鳴黨”,只怕温度未起,兴趣先冷。过度纠结于部件的“正统性”,如同见树不见林。
汉字之美,未必在繁简之间,更在于我们是否能理解与传承内涵。在数码科技与人工智能日益普及、文化传播节奏加快的今天,我们应更关注语言是否依然有效服务于沟通与理解的初心。语言之所以长存,不是因形不变,而是因意常新。
(作者是南洋理工大学国立教育学院高级教育研究科学家)
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Source: Lianhe Zaobao © SPH Media Limited. Permission required for reproduction.


