Malcolm Yoke Hean Low

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Archive for the Research category

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Science »

Google Code University - Introduction to Parallel Programming and MapReduce

Posted on Friday, December 19, 2008 at 12:40 AM by Malcolm

This tutorial from the Google Code University covers the basics of parallel programming and the MapReduce programming model. The pre-requisites are significant programming experience with a language such as C++ or Java, and data structures & algorithms.



Posted in General (RSS), HPC (RSS), Research (RSS)

Programming Languages - 6 Scripting Languages Your Developers Wish You'd Let Them Use

Posted on Friday, October 17, 2008 at 10:24 AM by Malcolm

Links to Programming Languages

6 Scripting Languages Your Developers Wish You'd Let Them Use

Edited on: Tuesday, October 28, 2008 2:39 PM

Posted in General (RSS), Research (RSS), Tech (RSS)

Ford-Fulkerson Method for Solving Maximum-Flow Problems

Posted on Wednesday, November 22, 2006 at 10:47 PM by Malcolm

Maximum-Flow Problems

  • Given the a network has p nodes.
  • Let N be the set of nodes, N={s0, n_1, n_2, ..., n_p-1 n_p, si}, where s0 and si represent the source and sink of the network.
  • Let N(i) be the ith node in N. So N(0) is the source and N(p+1) is the sink.
  • Given the there are q arcs connecting the nodes in the network. This include a virtual arc that connects from the sink si back to the source s0.
  • Let x(i,j) be the arc linking from node N(i) to node N(j).
  • Each arc x(i,j) has a maximum capacity given by x(i,j).mc. The virtual arc x(p+1,0) has unlimited capacity.
  • Each arc x(i,j) has a current flow given by x(i,j).cf.
  • For a flow to be feasible, it must have the following characteristics:
    • For each arc x(i,j), 0 <= x(i,j).cf <= x(i,j).mc.
    • For each node N(i), sum(x(j,i).cf) for all j=sum(x(i,k).cf for all k
  • The maximum flow problem is then to maximize the flow from the source to the sink, which is the same as maximizing the flow from the sink to the source, x(p+1,0).cf

Ford-Fulkerson Method for Solving Maximum-Flow Problems

  • Initialization: Set all x(i,j).cf to 0. This represents a feasible flow of the network.
  • Let I be the set of arcs x(i,j) where x(i,j).cf< x(i,j). I represents those arcs whose current flow can be increased.
  • Let R be the set of arcs x(i,j) where x(i,j).cf>0. R represents those arcs whose current flow can be decreased.
  • Carry out the following lableling procedure.
    • Step 1: Label the source.
    • Step 2: Label the nodes and arcs (except the virtual arc x(p+1,0) according to the following rules:
      • If node N(i) is labeled, and node N(j) is unlabeled and arc x(i,j) is in the set I, then label node N(j) and x(i,j). Arc x(i,j) is said to be a forward arc.
      • If node N(j) is unlabeled, and node N(i) is labeled and arc x(j,i) is in the set R, then label node N(j) and arc x(j,i). Arc x(j,i) is said to be a backward arc.
    • Step 3: Continue this labeling process until the sink has been labeled or until no more nodes can be labeled. If the sink has been labeled, adjust the flow according the the two cases described below and report step 2. If the sink cannot be labeled, then the flow is optimal.
  • If the labeling process results in the sink being labeled, then there will be a chain of labeled arcs C leading from the source to the sink. A new feasible flow with increased flow from the source to sink can be obtained by adjusting the the flow of the arcs in C.
  • If C contains entirely of forward arcs.
    • Let k = min(x(i,j).mc-x(i,j).cf)) for all x(i,j) in C.
    • k represents the maximum amount of flow that can increased in all arcs of C without violating all capacity constraint.
    • Increase the flow in each arc in C by k.
  • If C contains some forward arcs and some backward arcs.
    • Let k1 = min(x(i,j).cf) for all x(i,j) in C^R.
    • k1 represents the maximum amount of flow that can be decreased in all arcs of C^R without violating all capacity constraint.
    • Let k2 = min(x(i,j).mc-x(i,j).cf)) for all x(i,j) in C^I.
    • k2 represents the maximum amount of flow that can increased in all arcs of C^I without violating all capacity constraint.
    • Let k=min(k1,k2)
    • Increase the flow of each arc in C^I by k and decrease the flow of each arc in C^R by k.
Edited on: Sunday, November 23, 2008 11:45 AM

Posted in General (RSS), Research (RSS)

Project Report Guidelines - Tables, Figures, Format, References, Resources

Posted on Friday, November 17, 2006 at 3:38 PM by Malcolm

Below are a list of points for preparing technical reports for CIDP, URECA, UROP, IA, FYP, MSc/MEng/PhD:
  • All tables and figures should have caption and should be cited (referred to) in the main text
  • References are to be included based on commonly used format in IEEE or ACM conferences. References to web pages or articles should include the URL and the date of retrieval.
  • For full text of conference or journal articles, please use the NTU library digital resources. NTU has subscriptions to databases such as IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Springer Link, Science Direct. NTU Proxy Bookmarklet is a quick way of obtaining full text articles from some of these databases.
Edited on: Thursday, November 20, 2008 4:31 PM

Posted in General (RSS), Research (RSS)

Multi-agent Simulation

Posted on Saturday, November 04, 2006 at 11:20 AM by Malcolm

People Systems

Posted in Research (RSS)

Simulation - Techniques, Domains, Issues, Conferences

Posted on Thursday, October 26, 2006 at 8:45 PM by Malcolm

Simulation Techniques

  • Symbiotic Simulation
  • Parallel Simulation
  • Agent-based Simulation

Types of Simulation

  • Semiconductor Simulation
  • Container Port Simulation
  • Defence Simulation - Data Farming & Automated Red Teaming

Issues

Conferences



Edited on: Tuesday, November 11, 2008 11:37 AM

Posted in General (RSS), Research (RSS)

Stowage Planning for Container Ships - Issues, References

Posted on Monday, October 23, 2006 at 5:59 PM by Malcolm

Terminology

  • A container ship has its capacity measured in TEU, or Twenty-foot Equivalent Units. For example, a 8000TEU ship can carry up to 8000 twenty-foot containers. A ship contains a list of bays, usually numbered from the front of the ship to the back of the ship. Bays are divided in odd bays and even bays. Even bays are forty-footer bays and can be used to stow forty-foot containers. Each Even bay is made up of two odd bays. For example, bay 2 is made up of bay 1 and bay 3. So in this case there is no bay 4 and the next even bay is bay 6 which is made up of bay 7 and bay 5. In each bay, each vertical stack of containers is call a row. The numbering of the rows start from the center of the ship and move outwards. One side of the ship will have the set of odd row numbers {1, 3, 5 ...}, while the other side of the ship will have the set of even row numbers {2, 4, 6 ...}. For each row of containers in a bay, the vertical position of the container is indicated by its tier number. Tiers are numbered from the bottom of the ship upwards. There is a convention that tiers above the hatchcover are numbered starting from 80. Containers are stowed in a container ship based on a 6-digit code to represent the locations on a ship. The first two numbers indicate which bay of the ship the container is in. The second two numbers indicate which row of the bay the container is in. The last two number indicate which tier of the ship the container is in. For example, a location code of "060402" indicates a ship location in bay 06, row 04 and tier 02.

Issues

  • Maximization of Stability - GM, bending moment, heel, trim
  • Minimization of Overstow/rehandling - forced overstow, volunteered overstow
  • Consideration of Hatch Covers
  • Optimization for best Crane Splits - crane intensity, blocking
  • Stowage of Out-of-Guage Containers
  • Consideration of Hazardous Cargos
  • Consideration of Port Rotation
  • Consideration of Balast Management - zero balast

References

  • Ambrosino D., Sciomachen A. and Tanfani E, "Stowing a containership: the master bay plan problem", Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Volume 38, Number 2, February 2004 , pp. 81-99(19)
  • Mordecai Avriel, Michal Penn, Naomi Shpirer and Smadar Witteboon, "Stowage planning for container ships to reduce the number of shifts", Annals of Operations Research, Volume 76, Number 10, January 1998, pp. 55-71
  • Dirk Steenken, Thomas Winter and Uwe T. Zimmermann, "Stowage and Transport Optimization in Ship Planning", Online optimization of large-scale systems, pp 731-745. Springer, Berlin.
  • I.D. Wilson and P.A. Roach, "Principles of Combinatorial Optimization Applied to Container-Ship Stowage Planning", Journal of Heuristics, 1999, Volume 5, Issue 4, pp. 403-418
  • I.D. Wilson and P.A. Roach, "Container stowage planning: a methodology for generating computerised solutions", The Journal of the Operational Research Society, Volume 51, Number 11, pp. 1248-1255
  • Feng Li, Chunhua Tian, Rongzeng Cao and Wei Ding, "An Integer Linear Programming for Container Stowage Problem", ICCS 2008, Part I, LNCS 5101, pp. 853-862, 2008.
Edited on: Friday, December 26, 2008 12:36 PM

Posted in General (RSS), Research (RSS)

PhD Scholarship, Postdoc Fellowship - NSS, AGS, SINGA, SMF

Posted on Friday, October 06, 2006 at 1:30 PM by Malcolm

The following is a list of scholarships to support studying PhD in Singapore. Please email me if you need assistance in applying for any one of them.

Scholarships

Fellowships

Edited on: Monday, November 17, 2008 10:23 AM

Posted in General (RSS), Research (RSS)

Supercomputing for Interactive Digital Media Applications

Posted on Tuesday, August 08, 2006 at 6:01 PM by Malcolm

Modelling and simulation, Computational optimization, Parallel and distributed Computing

Abstract:

Interactive digital media environments involving large number of online users require the support of large computational resources to carryout many tasks such as rendering and updating of the environments and its associate entities. This kind of computational resources are traditionally available only on dedicated supercomputers. Recent developments in the field of commodity supercomputing such as multicore programming, GPGPU and cloud-computing need to be studied and adapted to power these interactive digital media applications.
Edited on: Thursday, August 28, 2008 11:16 AM

Posted in Research (RSS)

Symbiotic Simulation

Posted on Wednesday, February 01, 2006 at 5:44 PM by Malcolm

Symbiotic Simulation

Symbiotic simulation is an emergent technology proposed by the Parallel and Distributed Simulation working group at the 2002 Dagstuhl seminar on Grand Challenges for Modelling and Simulation (Fujimoto et al., 2002). Es-sentially, a symbiotic simulation system consists of a simu-lation model interacting with the physical system in a mu-tually beneficial way. The simulation system benefits from the continuous supply of the latest data and the automatic validation of its simulation outputs, whereas the physical system benefits from optimized performance obtained from the analysis of simulation experiments. A symbiotic inte-gration of the real-time physical system and the corre-sponding decision support module will enable prompt re-sponse to be carried out to handle abrupt changes in the physical system. The figure below shows a generic structure of a symbiotic simulation system.



For more information, please refer to:

  • Fujimoto, R., D. Lunceford, E. Page, and A. Uhrmacher. 2002. Technical Report of the Dagstuhl-Seminar Grand Challenges for Modelling and Simulation.

  • Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Stephen John Turner, Lai Peng Chan, Peter Lendermann, Steve Buckley, Ding Ling and Hai Liang Peng, "Symbiotic Simulation for Business Process Re-Engineering in High-tech Manufacturing and Service Networks". In Proceedings of the 2007 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 586-576, December 9-12, 2007, Washington, DC, USA. (download pdf)

  • Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Lye Kong Wei, Peter Lendermann, Stephen John Turner, Surya Leo, and Reman Chim. “An Agent-based Approach for Managing Symbiotic Simulation of Semiconductor Assembly and Test Operations", In Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Autonomous Agent and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), pp. 85–92, July 25-29, 2005, Utrecht, The Netherland. (download pdf)
Edited on: Monday, October 13, 2008 3:38 PM

Posted in Research (RSS)

Parallel and Distributed Computing Related Links

Posted on Sunday, January 22, 2006 at 12:20 AM by Malcolm

Parallel Computing Books


Parallel and Distributed Computing Related Sites/Blogs

Others

  • Gustafson Law: Reevaluating Amdahl's Law

    (Link) Parallelizing an algorithm, however, will soon run into Amdahl's Law, which states that the speedup from parallelizing a process is an inverse function of the portion of the process that is necessarily sequential. Thus, not only do we need good algorithms to minimize the sequential portion of a process, but there is also an upper bound to the speedup we can achieve, even with an infinite number of parallel processors.

    While that may be a depressing result, parallel processing has been rescued by Gustafson's Law, which states that while the speedup for a fixed-size process is indeed limited by Amdahl's Law, we can achieve nearly linear speedups if we consider the amount of processing that can be done in a fixed period.

Edited on: Friday, October 17, 2008 10:04 AM

Posted in HPC (RSS), Research (RSS)

Johnson Algorithm for Two Machines Flow Shop

Posted on Saturday, January 14, 2006 at 1:13 PM by Malcolm

Johnson Algorithm for Two Machines Flow Shop

In the two-machine flow shop model, job i precedes job j in an optimal sequence if min{ai, bj} < min{aj, bi}. where ai and bi are the processing time of job i on the first and second machine respectively. The proof is due to Johnson (1954). One way to implement the rule is to partition the jobs into two sets. Set I contains jobs in which aj < bj and set II contains jobs in which aj > bj. An optimal schedule consists of the I-jobs, in nondecreasing order of aj, followed by the II-jobs, in nonincreasing order of bj.

Reference:

S.M. Johnson, Optimal two- and three-stage production schedules with setup times included, Naval Res. Log. Quart. I(1954)61-68.

Posted in Research (RSS)

Bee Colony Optimization - Jobshop Scheduling, Travelling Salesman Problem

Posted on Thursday, January 12, 2006 at 12:23 AM by Malcolm

Bee Colony Optimization

The bee colony optimization algorithm is inspired by the behaviour of a honey bee colony in nectar collection. This biologically inspired approach is currently being employed to solve continuous optimization problems, training neural networks, mechanical and electronical componenets design optimization, combinatorial optimization problems such as job shop scheduling, the internet server optimization problem, the travelling salesman problem, etc.

For more information, please refer to:

  • Wikipedia: Bee Colony Optimization

  • Li Pei Wong, Chi Yung Puan, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low and Chin Soon Chong. "Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm with Big Valley Landscape Exploitation for Job Shop Scheduling Problems". In Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference. 2008 (to appear). (download pdf)

  • Li Pei Wong, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low and Chin Soon Chong. "Bee Colony Optimization with Local Search for Traveling Salesman Problem". In Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN08), pp. 1019-1025, July 13-16, 2008, Daejeon, Korea. (download pdf)

  • Chin Soon Chong, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Appa Iyer Sivakumar, Kheng Leng Gay. "Using A Bee Colony Algorithm for Neighbourhood Search in Job Shop Scheduling Problems". In Proceedings of the 2007 European Conference on Modelling and Simulation, pp. 459-465, June 4-6, 2007, Prague, Czech Republic. (download pdf)

  • Chong Chin Soon, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Appa Iyer Sivakumar and Kheng Leng Gay. "A Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm to Job Shop Scheduling". In Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 1954-1961, December 3-6, 2006, Monterey, CA USA. (download pdf)

    • Edited on: Friday, September 05, 2008 10:07 AM

    Posted in Research (RSS)

    Scheduling Related Links

    Posted on Wednesday, January 11, 2006 at 12:19 AM by Malcolm

    Scheduling Related Links

    Edited on: Tuesday, November 25, 2008 11:14 AM

    Posted in Research (RSS)

    Research Interests, Projects, Students

    Posted on Thursday, January 05, 2006 at 3:51 PM by Malcolm

    Research Interests



    Research Affiliations



    Research Experience



    Research Projects

    • Biologically Inspired Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms for Semiconductor Manufacturing and Maritime Port Operation (Collaborative Research Project with SIMTech - Dr. Chong Chin Soon) - Principal Investigator

    • Stowage Planning for Large Container Ships (Funded by MPA and Industry) - Principal Investigator

    • COSMOS: Crowd Simulation for Military Operations (Funded by DSTA) - Co-Principal Investigator

    • Biologically Inspired Algorithms for Jobshop Scheduling Optimization (NTU Startup Grant) - Principal Investigator

    • Crossdocking Planning and Dynamic Scheduling for FMCG Supply Chain (Collaborative Research Project with SIMTech - Dr. Li Zheng Ping) - Principal Investigator



    Research Students


    PhD Students

    • Wong Li Pei
      Commenced January 2007
      Co-supervisor: Dr. Chong Chin Soon (SIMTech)
      Project title: Ants & Bees: A Biologically Inspired Approach To Job Shop Scheduling
    • Mojtaba Shakeri
      Commenced August 2007
      Co-supervisor: Dr. Li Zhengping (SIMTech)
      Project title: High-Performance Computing for Logistics Optimization
    • Sun Hequan
      Commenced August 2008
      Co-supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Hsu Wenjing
      Project title: Parallel Machines: Multi-Core Systems and GPGPU

    Current Final Year Projects (FYP)

    • Future Cars (Java applet) (Student: Soh Say Kiong)
    • Automated Red Teaming (Student: Xu Yong Liang)
    • Enterprise Integration Using Mashup (Student: Tham Yew Mun Dennis)
    • Parallel Machines - GPGPU (Student: Liew Xiaoye)
    • Crowd Simulation: Ontology, Knowledge-base and Inference Engine (Student: Tan Su Li Debbie)
    • RFID for Logistics (Cross-docking) Operations (Student: Li Jin Cong)
    • Stowage Plan Optimization for Next Generation Container Ships (Student: Gupta Shubam)
    • Evolvable Simulation - Evolving Agent-Based Simulation (ABS) (Student: Chua Yuan Wei Benjamin)

    Past FYP Projects

    2007
    • A Knowledge-based Environmental and Behaviour Representation using Game Engines (Student: Wu Jian Liang)
    • Bees Colony Optimization: A Biological Inspired Approach to Job Shop Scheduling (Student: Puan Chi Yung)
    • Optimization for Crossdocking Product Mixing and Matching Problem (Student: Japjit Singh Ghai)
    • Intelligent Business Rules Definition and Implementation for B2B Collaboration (Student: Tran Son Tung)
    • Cross-docking Planning and Dynamic Scheduling for Fast-Moving-Consumer-Goods (FMCG) Supply Chain (Student: Tong Weiyi Mark)

    2006
    • Bees Colony Optimization: A Biological Inspired Approach to Job Shop Scheduling (Student: Yeo Lian Sheng)
    • Ants and Bees colony optimisation for Job shop scheduling using Software Agents (Student: Lim Ming Wei)
    • Technology for High End Manufacturing Simulation Execution on a Computing Cluster (Student: Chong Chee Seng)
    • Optimizing Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm for Job Shop Scheduling using High Performance Computing Techniques (Student: Jestine Paul)
    • Dynamic BPEL Generation for Aerospace Logistics Operation (Student: Teng Yi Xiang)
    • Business Processes and Workflow in a Web Services World (Student: Wang Yan Wen)
    • Adaptive Control in Supply Chains (Student: Li Qiao Yang)
    • An Animation Tool for Simulation Event Trace (Student: Chew Yuan Chao)
    • A Knowledge-based Environment and Behaviour Representation for Game System (Student: Ng Boon Kiat)
    • Animation Tool for Simulation Event Trace (Student: Lee Jack Son)

    URECA Project Students

    • Cloud Computing: Application on Data Farming (Student: Yong Yong Cheng, Co-supervised with Mr. Choo Chwee Seng from DSO National Laboratories, 2008-2009)
    • Bee Colony Optimization : Travelling Salesman and Jobshop Scheduling ( Student: Brian Marshal, Co-supervised with Dr. Ho Nhu Binh from SIMtech, 2008-2009)
    • A simulation-based experimentation environment for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (Student: Li Yaohui, Co-supervised with Mr. Sin Mong Leng from DSO National Laboratories, 2007-2008)
    • Negotiation Protocol for Multi-Agent Search and Rescue (Student: Xu Yong Liang, Co-supervised with Mr. Sin Mong Leng from DSO National Laboratories 2006-2007)
    UROP Project Students
    • Wave-Based Parallel Implementation of the Smith-Waterman Algorithm on CUDA compatible GPUs (Student: Buddha Sreenivas Kartik, 2008)
    • Parallel Smith Waterman Algorithms with Intel Thread Building Blocks (Student: Willy Suryanto, 2008)
    Edited on: Wednesday, October 29, 2008 11:41 PM

    Posted in General (RSS), Research (RSS)

    Thesis, Journal and Conference

    Posted on Monday, January 02, 2006 at 3:37 PM by Malcolm

    Publications - [DBLP, ACM ]



    PhD Thesis

    • Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, "Adaptive Techniques for BSP Time Warp", Thesis Advisor: Professor Bill McColl, Oxford University Computing Laboratory, Programming Research Group, September 2002.

    Book Chapter

    1. Heiko Aydt, Stephen John Turner, Wentong Cai, and Malcolm Yoke Hean Low. "An agent-based generic framework for symbiotic simulation systems". In Adelinde M. Uhrmacher and Danny Weyns editors, Agents, Simulation and Applications (to appear). Taylor and Francis, 2008.

    Journal

    1. Linbo Luo, Suiping Zhou, Wentong Cai, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Feng Tian, Yongwei Wang and Xian Xiao. "Agent-based Human Behavior Modeling for Crowd Simulation". Computer Animation and Virtual World (to appear), 2008.

    2. Peter Lendermann, Stephen J. Turner, Malcolm Y.H. Low, Boon Ping Gan, Nirupam Julka, Lai Peng Chan, Wen-tong Cai, Loo Hay Lee, E. P. Chew, S. Y. Teng and L. F. McGinnis. "An Integrated and Adaptive Decision-Support Framework for High-Tech Manufacturing and Service Networks", Journal of Simulation, Vol. 1/2 (2007), pp.69-79.

    3. Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Boon Ping Gan, Junhu Wei, Xiao-Guang Wang, Stephen John Turner and Wen-tong Cai. "Shared State Synchronization for HLA-Based Distributed Simulation", Simulation: Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp. 511-521, August 2006. (download pdf)

    4. Simon J. E. Taylor, Xiaoguang Wang, Stephen J. Turner and Malcolm Y.H. Low, "Integrating Heterogeneous Distributed COTS Discrete-Event Simulation Packages: An Emerging Standards-based Approach", IEEE Transactions on System, Man and Cybernetics. Part A: Systems and Humans, Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 109-122, Jan 2006. (download pdf)

    5. Xiaoguang Wang, Stephen John Turner, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, and Boon Ping Gan. "Optimistic Synchronization in HLA Based Distributed Simulation", Simulation: Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International, Vol. 81, No. 4, pp. 279-291, July 2005. (download pdf)

    6. Dan Chen, Stephen John Turner, Wentong Cai, Boon Ping Gan, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, "Algorithms for HLA-based Distributed Simulation Cloning", ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation, Vol. 15, Issue 4, pp 316-345, Oct. 2005. (download pdf)

    7. Wentong Cai, Zijing Yuan, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low and Stephen J. Turner. "Federate Migration in HLA-based Simulation", Future Generation Computer Systems, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 87-95, Jan 2005. (download pdf)

    8. Boon Ping Gan, Yoke Hean Low, Wentong Cai, Stephen J. Turner, Sanjay Jain, Wen Jing Hsu, Shell Ying Huang. "The Development of Conservative Super-step Protocols for Shared Memory Multiprocessor Systems", Parallel and Distributed Computing Practices, 2001, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 1-17.

    9. Yoke-Hean Low, Chu-Cheow Lim, Wentong Cai, Shell-Ying Huang, Wen-Jing Hsu, Sanjay Jain, and Stephen J. Turner. "Survey of Languages and Runtime Libraries for Parallel Discrete Event Simulation", Simulation: Transactions of the Society for Computer Simulation (SCS), Joint Special Issue on Parallel and Distributed Simulation, Vol. 72, No. 3, March 1999, pp. 170-186. (download pdf)

    10. Alfred CK Heng, Malcolm YH Low, "Loop Parallelisation Tool for Message-Passing Systems", Microprocessors and Microsystems Journal, M20/07, pp. 409-421, March 1997. (download pdf)

    Conference

    1. Li Pei Wong, Chi Yung Puan, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low and Chin Soon Chong. "Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm with Big Valley Landscape Exploitation for Job Shop Scheduling Problems". In Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference. 2008 (to appear). (download pdf)

    2. Heiko Aydt, Stephen John Turner, Wentong Cai, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Peter Lendermann, Boon Ping Gan, and Rassul Ayani. "Preventive what-if analysis in symbiotic simulation". In Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference. 2008 (to appear).

    3. Xi Guo, Shell Ying Huang, Wenjing Hsu, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low. "Yard Crane Dispatching Based On Real Time Data Driven Simulation For Container Terminals". In Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference. 2008 (to appear).

    4. Mojtaba Shakeri, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low and Zhengping Li. "A Generic Model for Crossdock Truck Scheduling and Truck-to-Door Assignment Problems". In Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN08), pp. 857-864, July 13-16, 2008, Daejeon, Korea. (download pdf)

    5. Li Pei Wong, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low and Chin Soon Chong. "Bee Colony Optimization with Local Search for Traveling Salesman Problem". In Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN08), pp. 1019-1025, July 13-16, 2008, Daejeon, Korea. (download pdf)

    6. Zhengping Li, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Yan Guan Lim and Bin Ma. "Optimal Decision-making on Product Ranking For Crossdocking/Warehousing Operations". In Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN08), pp. 871-876, July 13-16, 2008, Daejeon, Korea. (download pdf)

    7. Li Pei Wong, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, and Chin Soon Chong. "A bee colony optimization algorithm for traveling salesman problem". In Proceedings of the 2nd Asia Modelling Symposium (AMS 2008), pp. 818-823, May 13-15, 2008, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

    8. Heiko Aydt, Stephen John Turner, Wentong Cai, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, "Symbiotic simulation systems: An extended definition motivated by symbiosis in biology". In Proceedings of the 22nd Workshop on Principles of Advanced and Distributed Simulation, pp. 106-116, 2008. (download pdf)

    9. Heiko Aydt, Stephen John Turner, Wentong Cai, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Peter Lendermann, Boon Ping Gan, "Symbiotic simulation control in semiconductor manufacturing", In Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Computational Science, 2008. (download pdf)

    10. Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Liu Weiguo, Bertil Schmidt, "A Parallel BSP Algorithm for Irregular Dynamic Programming". In Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Advanced Parallel Processing Technologies, Springer-Verlag Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4847, pp. 151-160, November 22-23, 2007, Guangzhou, China. (download pdf)

    11. Xi Guo, Shell Ying Huang, Wenjing Hsu, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Tian Heong Chan, Jiang Hong Liu. "Vehicle Dispatching with Real Time Location Information in Container Terminals". In Proceedings of the 2007 European Modeling and Simulation Symposium, 4-6 October, 2007, Bergeggi, Italy. (download pdf)

    12. Simon J. E. Taylor, Navonil Mustafee, Steffen Strassburger,Stephen J. Turner, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, John Ladbrook. "The SISO CSPI PDG Standard for Commercial Off-the-shelf Simulation Package Interoperability Reference Models". In Proceedings of the 2007 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 594-602, December 9-12, 2007, Washington, DC, USA. (download pdf)

    13. Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Stephen John Turner, Lai Peng Chan, Peter Lendermann, Steve Buckley, Ding Ling and Hai Liang Peng. "Symbiotic Simulation for Business Process Re-Engineering in High-tech Manufacturing and Service Networks". In Proceedings of the 2007 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 586-576, December 9-12, 2007, Washington, DC, USA. (download pdf)

    14. Chin Soon Chong, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Appa Iyer Sivakumar, Kheng Leng Gay. "Using A Bee Colony Algorithm for Neighbourhood Search in Job Shop Scheduling Problems". In Proceedings of the 2007 European Conference on Modelling and Simulation, pp. 459-465, June 4-6, 2007, Prague, Czech Republic. (download pdf)

    15. Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Wentong Cai, Suiping Zhou. "A Federated Agent-Based Crowd Simulation Architecture". In Proceedings of the 2007 European Conference on Modelling and Simulation, pp. 188-194, June 4-6, 2007, Prague, Czech Republic. (download pdf)

    16. Chong Chin Soon, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Appa Iyer Sivakumar and Kheng Leng Gay. "A Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm to Job Shop Scheduling". In Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 1954-1961, December 3-6, 2006, Monterey, CA USA. (download pdf)

    17. Simon J. E. Taylor, Stephen John Turner, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Xiaoguang Wang, Steffen Strassburger and John Ladbrook. "Developing Interoperability Standards for Distributed Simulation and COTS Simulation Packages with CSPI PDG". In Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 1101-1110, December 3-6, 2006, Monterey, CA USA. (download pdf)

    18. Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Stephen John Turner. "Using Web Services and Business Process Execution Language for HLA-based Distributed Supply-chain Simulation". In Proceedings of the UK Operational Research Society Simulation Workshop 2006 (SW06), March 28-29, 2006, UK. (download pdf)

    19. Li Zhengping, Sim Cheng Hwee and Malcolm Yoke Hean Low. "A Survey of Emergent Behavior and Its Impacts in Agent-based Systems". In Proceedings of the 4th International IEEE Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN'06), August 16-18, 2006. (download pdf)

    20. Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Mike Long Foong Liow, Peter Lendermann, Jurgen Potoradi, Long Kim Tng, Wai Khang Lim, Daniel Quadt. "Analysis of Lot Sizing and Planning Bucket Strategies for Semiconductor Backend Operation". In Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Modeling and Analysis of Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM), pp. 201-208, October 6-8, 2005, Singapore. (download pdf)

    21. Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Lye Kong Wei, Peter Lendermann, Stephen John Turner, Surya Leo, and Reman Chim. "An Agent-based Approach for Managing Symbiotic Simulation of Semiconductor Assembly and Test Operations". In Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Autonomous Agent and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), pp. 85-92, July 25-29, 2005, Utrecht, The Netherland. (download pdf)

    22. Xiaoguang Wang, Stephen John Turner, Simon J E Taylor, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Boon Ping Gan. "A COTS Simulation Package Emulator (CSPE) for Investigating COTS Simulation Package Interoperability". In Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 402-411, December 4-7, 2005, Orlando, FL USA.

    23. Peter Lendermann, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Boon Ping Gan, Nirupam Julka, Lai Peng Chan et al. "An Integrated and Adaptive Decision-Support Framework for High-tech Manufacturing and Service Networks". In Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 2052-2062, December 4-7, 2005, Orlando, FL USA. (download pdf)

    24. Boon Ping Gan, Peter Lendermann, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Stephen John Turner, Xiaoguang Wang, Simon J E Taylor. "Interoperating AutoSched AP Using the High Level Architecture". In Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 394-401, December 4-7, 2005, Orlando, FL USA.

    25. Chin Soon Chong, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Appa Iyer Sivakumar, Kheng Leng Gay. "Using Simulation based Approach to Improve on the Mean Cycle Time Performance of Dispatching Rules". In Proceedings of the 2005 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 2194-2202, December 4-7, 2005, Orlando, FL USA.

    26. Boon Ping Gan, Simon J E Turner, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Xiaoguang Wang. "Using Manufacturing Process Flow for Time Synchronization in HLA-Based Simulation". In Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications (DS-RT 2005), pp. 148- 160, October 10-11, 2005,

    27. Simon J E Taylor, Stephen John Turner, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low. "The COTS Simulation Package Interoperability Product Development Group (CSPI-PDG)". In Proceedings of the 2005 European Simulation Interoperability Workshop (EuroSIW 2005), 2005, pp. 05E-SIW-056.

    28. Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Yeong-Dae Kim and Tae-Eog Lee. "Due-date Oriented Dispatching Rules for Semiconductor Backend Operation". In Proceedings of the 2004 Asia Pacific Management Conference, pp. 1043-1055, October 27-29, 2004, Daejeon, Korea.

    29. Simon J E Taylor, Stephen John Turner and Malcolm Yoke Hean Low. "A Proposal for an Entity Transfer Specification Standard for COTS Simulation Package Interoperation". In Proceedings of the European Simulation Interoperability Workshop 2004, Edinburgh, Scotland, June 28 - July 1, 2004, No. 04E-SIW-081.

    30. Dan Chen, Stephen John Turner, Boon Ping Gan, Wentong Cai, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Junhu Wei. "Incremental HLA-based Distributed Simulation Cloning". In Proceedings of the 2004 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 386-394, December 5-8, 2004, Washington DC, USA.

    31. Dan Chen, Stephen John Turner, Boon Ping Gan, Wentong Cai, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low. "Management of Simulation Cloning in HLA-based Distributed Simulations". In Proceedings of the European Simulation Interoperability Workshop 2004, Edinburgh, Scotland, June 28 - July 1, 2004, No. 04E-SIW-010. (download pdf)

    32. Xiaoguang Wang, Stephen J. Turner, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low and Boon Ping Gan. "A Generic Architecture for the Integration of COTS Packages with the HLA". In Proceedings of the 2004 UK Operational Research Society Simulation Workshop, pp. 225-233, March 23-24, 2004.

    33. Stephen J. Turner, Xiaoguang Wang, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low and Boon Ping Gan. "Optimistic Synchronization in HLA Based Distributed Simulation". In Proceedings of the 18th Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation (PADS'04), pp. 123-130, May 16 - 19, 2004, Kufstein, Austria.

    34. Zijing Yuan, Wentong Cai, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low and Stephen J. Turner. "Federate Migration in HLA-based Simulation". In Proceedings of the Workshop on HLA-Based Distributed Simulation on the Grid (DSGrid04), at the International Conference on Computational Science 2004 (ICCS 2004) DS-GRID2004, pp. 856-864, 7-9 June 2004, Krakow, Poland.

    35. Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Boon Ping Gan, Junhu Wei, Xiaoguang Wang, Stephen John Turner, Wentong Cai. "Implementation Issues for Shared State in HLA-based Distributed Simulation". In Proceedings of the 15th European Simulation Symposium (ESS2003), pp. 5-13, October 26-29, Delft, The Netherlands, 2003. (download pdf)

    36. Zijing Yuan, Wentong Cai and Malcolm Yoke Hean Low. "A Framework for Executing Parallel Simulation using RTI". In Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications, pp. 12-19, October 23-25, Delft, The Netherlands, 2003.

    37. Boon Ping Gan, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low, Junhu Wei, Xiaoguang Wang, Stephen John Turner, Wentong Cai. "Synchronization and Management of Shared State in HLA-based Distributed Simulation". In Proceedings of the 2003 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 847-854.

    38. Malcolm Yoke Hean Low. "A Time Slicing Approach to External Workload Management on BSP Time Warp". In Proceedings of the 17th European Simulation Multiconference (ESM 2003), pp. 397-403, Nottingham, UK. (download pdf)

    39. Zheng Ping Li, Malcolm Yoke Hean Low and Arun Kumar. "A Framework for Multi-Agent System-Based Dynamic Supply Chain Coordination". In Proceedings of the Agents at Work Workshop at the Second International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents & Multi-Agent Systems, pp. 7-17, June 9-11, 2003, Melbourne, Australia, 2003. (download pdf)

    40. Malcolm Yoke Hean Low. "Manufacturing Simulation using BSP Time Warp with Variable Numbers of Processors". In Proceedings of the 2002 European Simulation Symposium, pp. 137-144, June 3-5, 2002, Dresden, Germany, 2002.

    41. Malcolm Yoke Hean Low. "Managing External Workload with BSP Time Warp". In Proceedings of the 2002 Winter Simulation Conference, pp. 704-711, December 8-11 2002, San Diego, USA.

    42. Malcolm Yoke Hean Low. "Dynamic Load-Balancing for BSP Time Warp". In Proceedings of the 35th Annual Simulation Symposium, pp. 267-274, April 14-18 2002, San Diego, California.

    43. Malcolm Yoke Hean Low and David M. Nicol. "Consistent Modeling of Distributed Mutual Exclusion Protocol using Optimistic Simulation". In Proceedings of the 15th Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation (PADS 2001), pp. 137-144, May 15-18 2001, Lake Arrowhead, California. (download pdf)

    44. Malcolm Yoke Hean Low. "Adaptive BSP Time Warp". In Proceedings of the Fifth UK Simulation Society Conference (UKSim 2001), pp. 14-20, March 28-30, 2001, Cambridge, UK.

    45. Sanjay Jain, Boon Ping Gan, Chu-Cheow Lim, Yoke-Hean Low. "Bottleneck Based Modeling of Semiconductor Supply Chains". In Proceedings of the International Conference on Modeling and Analysis of Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM 2000), Tempe, Arizona, May 10-12, 2000. (download pdf)

    46. Yoke-Hean Low, Boon-Ping Gan, Sanjay Jain, Wentong Cai, Wen Jing Hsu and Shell Ying Huang, Stephen J. Turner. "A Parallel Discrete-Event Simulation of a Supply-chain in Semiconductor Industry". In Proceedings of the 4th High Performance Computing (HPC) Asia 2000, May 14-17 2000, Beijing, China.

    47. Boon-Ping Gan, Yoke-Hean Low, Sanjay Jain, Stephen J. Turner, Wentong Cai, Wen Jing Hsu and Shell Ying Huang. "Load Balancing for Conservative Simulation on Shared Memory Multiprocessor Systems". In Proceedings of the 14th Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation (PADS 2000), pp. 139-146, May 28-31, 2000, Bologna, Italy, IEEE Press.

    48. Sanjay Jain, Chu-Cheow Lim, Boon-Ping Gan and Yoke-Hean Low. "Criticality of Detailed Modeling in Semiconductor Supply Chain Simulation". In Proceedings of the 1999 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC'99), pp. 888-896, December 5-8, 1999, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

    49. Chu-Cheow Lim, Yoke-Hean Low and Wentong Cai. "A Parallelism Analyzer Algorithm for a Conservative Super-Step Simulation Protocol". In Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-32), January 5-8, 1999, Hawaii USA. (download pdf)

    50. Chu-Cheow Lim, Yoke-Hean Low, Boon-Ping Gan, Sanjay Jain, Wentong Cai, Shell-Ying Huang, and Wen-Jing Hsu. "Performance Prediction Tools for Parallel Discrete Event Simulation". In Proceedings of the 13th Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation (PADS '99), pp. 148-155, May 1-4, 1999, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. (download pdf)

    51. Chu-Cheow Lim, Yoke-Hean Low, Boon-Ping Gan, Sanjay Jain, Stephen J. Turner, Wentong Cai, Wen Jing Hsu and Shell Ying Huang. "Harnessing Parallelism in a Parallel Discrete-Event Simulation". In Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Modelling and Simulation (MS'99), pp. 219-223, May 5-8, 1999, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

    52. Chu-Cheow Lim, Yoke-Hean Low and Boon-Ping Gan. "Computing Safetime in a Conservative Synchronous Simulation Based on Future Events". In Proceedings of the 1999 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA99), pp. 2436-2442, June 28-July 1, 1999, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.

    53. Yoke-Hean Low, Chu-Cheow Lim, Boon-Ping Gan, Sanjay Jain, Wentong Cai, Wen Jing Hsu, Shell Ying Huang and Stephen J. Turner. "Conservative Parallel Simulation for Manufacturing System". In Proceedings of the 8th International Parallel Computing Workshop (PCW'98), pp. 293-300, September 7-8 1998, Singapore.

    54. Stephen J. Turner, Chu-Cheow Lim, Yoke-Hean Low, Wentong Cai, Wen Jing Hsu and Shell Ying Huang. "A Methodology for Automating the Parallelization of Manufacturing Simulations". In Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Simulation (PADS'98). pp. 126-133, May 26-29, 1998, Banff, Alberta, Canada.

    55. Chu-Cheow Lim, Yoke-Hean Low, Wentong Cai, Wen Jing Hsu, Shell Ying Huang, Stephen Turner. "An Empirical Comparison of Runtime Systems for Conservative Parallel Simulation", In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Runtime Systems for Parallel Programming (RTSPP 1998), March 30 1998, Orlando, Florida, USA. Also in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (No. 1388), Parallel and Distributed Processing, Jose Rolim (Ed.), Springer Verlag 1998, pp.123 - 134.

    56. Chu-Cheow Lim and Yoke-Hean Low. "Building a Conservative Parallel Simulation with Existing Component Libraries". In Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Languages, Compilers and Run-Time Systems for Scalable Computers (LCR98), pp. 378-385, May 28-30, 1998, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

    57. Chu-Cheow Lim, Yoke-Hean Low and Stephen J. Turner. "Relaxing SafeTime Computation of a Conservative Simulation Algorithm". In Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing Techniques and Applications (PDPTA '98), pp. 1538-1545, Jul 1998, Las Vegas, USA, CSREA Press.

    58. Chu-Cheow Lim, Yoke-Hean Low, Boon-Ping Gan and Sanjay Jain. "Implementations of Dispatch Rules in Parallel Manufacturing Simulation". In Proceedings of the 1998 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC '98), pp. 1591-1597, December 13 - 16, 1998, Washington D.C. USA.

    59. Chu-Cheow Lim, Yoke-Hean Low, Boon-Ping Gan, Stephen J. Turner, Sanjay Jain, Wentong Cai, Wen Jing Hsu and Shell Ying Huang. "A Parallel Discrete-Event Simulation of Wafer Fabrication Processes". 3rd High Performance Computing (HPC) Asia 1998, pp. 1180-1189, September 22-25, 1998, Singapore.

    Edited on: Tuesday, November 25, 2008 2:03 PM

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