M H Er's Home Page

Books, Monographs and Chapters

[B1] M H Er and A Cantoni, "Techniques in Robust Broadband Beamforming", in Control and Dynamic Systems : High Performance Systems Techniques and Applications, Vol. 53, Academic Press, pp. 321-386, 1992.

[B2] M H Er, “Properties of FIR Filters and Windowing Techniques for FIR Filter Design”, in The Circuits and Filters Handbook, CRC Press and IEEE Press, pp. 2525-2541, March 1995.

[B3] B P Ng and M H Er, , “Basic Array Theory and Pattern Synthesis Techniques”, in Handbook on Antennas in Wireless Communications, CRC Press, August 2001.

[B4] P Gupta, C K Yeo, B S Lee and M H Er, “A Dynamic Multicast Tunnelling Architecture for Multimedia Applications”, Advances in Automation, Multimedia and Video Systems and Modern Computer Science, pp. 123-128, 2001.

[B5] M H Er, B P Ng, S L Sim and Y H Sng “Broadband Array Signal Processing” (in preparation)

[B6] Z L Yu, M H Er, W Ser and H Chan, “Robust Adaptive Beamforming" in Handbook on Advancements in Smart Antenna Technologies for Wireless Networks, IDEA Group Inc.

[B7] CH Lim, B P Ng, MH Er, JP Lie and WJ Wang “DOA Geo-location in a Real-Time Indoor WiFi System Utilizing Smart Antennas” (accepted for publication) in Handbook of Smart Antennas for RFID Systems, Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

Journal Papers

(a) Overseas

[J1] V Srinivasan, M H Er and J P Er, "Pulse Width Modulation Computer Generated Holograms", Journal of Physics E, UK, Vol. 14. pp. 1141-1142, May 1981.

[J2] M H Er and A Cantoni, "Derivative Constraints for Broadband Element Space Antenna Array Processors", IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, USA, Vol. ASSP-31, No. 6, pp. 1378-1393, December 1983.

[J3] M H Er and A Cantoni, "A New Approach to the Design of Broadband Element Space Antenna Array Processors", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, Special Issue on Beamforming, USA, Vol. OE-10, No. 3, pp. 231-240, July 1985. (Invited Paper).

[J4] M H Er and A Cantoni, "An Alternative Formulation for an Optimum Beamformer with Robustness Capability", IEE Proceedings, Part F, Communications, Radar and Signal Processing, UK, Vol. 132, No. 6, pp. 447-460, October 1985.

[J5] M H Er and A Cantoni, "On an Adaptive Antenna Array Under Directional Constraint", IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, USA, Vol. ASSP-33, No. 5, pp. 1326-1328, October 1985.

[J6] M H Er and A Cantoni, "A New Set of Linear Constraints for Broadband Time Domain Element Space Processors", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Special Issue on Adaptive Processing Antenna Systems, USA, Vol. AP-34, No. 3, pp. 320-329, March 1986.

[J7] M H Er and A Cantoni, "Transformation of Linearly Constrained Broadband Processors to Unconstrained Partitioned Form", IEE Proceedings, Part H, Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, UK, Vol. 133, No. 3, pp. 209-212, June 1986.

[J8] M H Er and A Cantoni, "An Unconstrained Partitioned Realization for Derivative Constrained Broadband Antenna Array Processors", IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, USA, Vol. ASSP-34, No. 6, pp. 1376-1379, December 1986.

[J9] M H Er and B P Ng, "An Alternative Approach for Designing Narrowband Antenna Array Processors with Broadband Capability", IEE Proceedings, Part H, Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, UK, Vol. 135, No. 2, pp. 111-117, April 1988.

[J10] M H Er, "Technique for Antenna Array Pattern Synthesis with Controlled Broad Nulls", IEE Proceedings, Part H, Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, UK, Vol. 135, No. 6, pp. 375-380, December 1988.

[J11] M H Er, "Adaptive Antenna Array Under Directional and Spatial Derivative Constraints", IEE Proceedings, Part H, Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, UK, Vol. 135, No. 6, pp. 414-419, December 1988.

[J12] C S Lee, M H Er and R J Evans, "Simple and Fast Method for Direction- Finding of Multiple Wideband Sources", IEE Electronics Letters, UK, Vol. 25, No. 22, pp. 1522-1523, 26th October 1989.

[J13] M H Er and A Cantoni, "A Unified Approach to the Design of Robust Narrowband Antenna Array Processors", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, USA, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 17-23, January 1990.

[J14] M H Er, "A Robust Formulation for an Optimum Beamformer Subject To Amplitude and Phase Perturbations", SIGNAL PROCESSING, Netherlands, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 17-26, January 1990.

[J15] M H Er and B P Ng, "On Derivative Constrained Broadband Beamforming", IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, USA, Vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 551-552, March 1990.

[J16] M H Er, "Synthesis of Antenna Array Pattern with Broad Null Constraints", Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Australia, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 136-145, June 1990.

[J17] M H Er, "Quadratic Optimization Problems in Robust Beamforming", Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, USA, Vol. 66, No. 3, pp. 431-442, September 1990.

[J18] M H Er, "Linear Antenna Array Pattern Synthesis with Prescribed Broad Nulls", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, USA, Vol. 38, No. 9, pp. 1496-1498, September 1990.

[J19] M H Er and B P Ng, "The Dependency of Weight Vector on Array Origin for Derivative Constrained Broadband Arrays", Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Australia, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 202-206, September 1990.

[J20] M H Er and S K Hui, "An Improved Subspace Approach for High Resolution Array Processing", IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, USA, Vol. 38, No. 10. pp. 1803-1805, October 1990.

[J21] M H Er, A Cantoni and C S Lee, "Application of Signal Subspace Approach to High Resolution Narrowband Array Processing", Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing, USA, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 421-433, 1990.

[J22] M H Er, "An Alternative Implementation of Quadratically Constrained Broadband Beamformers", SIGNAL PROCESSING, Netherlands, Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 117-127, October 1990.

[J23] M H Er, "Computer-Aided Design of Array Pattern", IEE Electronics Letters, UK, Vol. 26, No. 25, pp. 2113-2115, 6th December 1990.

[J24] M H Er and S K Hui, "Beamforming in the Presence of Element Failure", IEE Electronics Letters, UK, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 273-275, 31st January 1991.

[J25] H K Tang and M H Er, "A Compact TV Ghost Generator", IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, USA, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 51-56, February 1991.

[J26] M H Er, "Alternative Approach to Designing Array Pattern with Controlled Mean-Square Sidelobe Level", IEE Electronics Letters, UK, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 435-437, 28th February 1991.

[J27] M H Er, "A New Technique for Designing Postbeamformer Interference Canceller", The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, USA, Vol. 89, No. 4, pp. 1724-1729, April 1991.

[J28] M H Er, "Equivalence of MMSE and CCMP Methods for Broadband and Robust Arrays Design", IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, USA, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 223-224, April 1991.

[J29] M H Er, B P Ng and A Cantoni, "A New Set of Constraints for Derivative Constrained Broadband Beamforming", Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Australia, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 87-101, June 1991.

[J30] Xiaopu Yang and M H Er, "On the Relation of CLSS Algorithm to KT and MUSIC Methods", IEE Electronics Letters, UK, Vol. 27, No. 15, pp. 1348-1350, 18th July 1991.

[J31] M H Er, "Designing Notch Filter with Controlled Null Width", SIGNAL PROCESSING, Netherlands, Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 319-329, September 1991.

[J32] M H Er, D J Wong, A A/L Sethu and K S Ngeow, "Design and Implementation of an RSA Cryptosystem Using Multiple DSP Chips", Microprocessors and Microsystems, UK, Vol. 15, No. 7, pp. 369-378, September 1991.

[J33] M H Er, "Computer-Aided Design of FIR Filters", IEE Electronics Letters, UK, Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 214-216, 30th January 1992.

[J34] M H Er and B C Ng, "Linear Antenna Array Design with Partial Adaptivity", IEE Proceedings, Part H, Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, UK, Vol. 139, No. 1, pp. 25-30, February 1992.

[J35] M H Er and B C Ng, "Simple and Effective Approach to Array Beamforming in Presence of Steering Error", IEE Electronics Letters, UK, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 413-414, 13th February 1992.

[J36] M H Er, "Array Pattern Synthesis with a Controlled Mean-Square Sidelobe Level", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, USA, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 977-981, April 1992.

[J37] T S Loke, D Tan, H S Seah and M H Er, "Rendering Fireworks Displays, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, USA, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 33-43, May 1992.

[J38] M H Er, "New GSC Beamformer Employing DOA Estimation and Null Steering for Linear Array", IEE Electronics Letters, UK, Vol. 28, No. 15, pp. 1417-1418, 16th July 1992.

[J39] S K Hui and M H Er, "Fast Iterative Algorithm for Real-time Array Processing", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, USA, Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 2087-2088, August 1992.

[J40] Xiaopu Yang and M H Er, "Formulation of a Single Controlled Null in an Omnidirectional Pattern Using Circular Array", Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Australia, Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 318-322, September 1992.

[J41] M H Er and S K Hui, "Array Pattern Synthesis in the Presence of Faulty Elements", SIGNAL PROCESSING, Netherlands, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 57-65, October 1992.

[J42] M H Er, "On the Limiting Solution of Quadratically Constrained Broadband Beamformers", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, USA, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 418-419, January 1993.

[J43] M H Er and B C Ng, "A Robust Method for Broadband Beamforming in the Presence of Pointing Error", SIGNAL PROCESSING, Netherlands, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 115-121, January 1993.

[J44] M H Er, "A Class of Linear Antenna Array for Interference Rejection", Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Australia, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 17-22, March 1993.

[J45] M H Er, "Comments on Minimum Variance Beamforming with Phase - Independent Derivative Constraints", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, USA, Vol. 41, No. 3, p. 394, March 1993.

[J46] H K Tang and M H Er, "An EMI-Induced Failure in Microprocessor-Based Counting", Microprocessors and Microsystems, UK, Vol. 17, No. 4, pp. 248-252, May 1993.

[J47] B P Ng, M H Er and C Kot, "A Flexible Array Synthesis Method Using Quadratic Programming", IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, USA, Vol. 41, No. 11, pp. 1541-1550, November 1993.

[J48] M H Er, S L Sim and S N Koh, "Application of Constrained Optimization Techniques to Array Pattern Synthesis", SIGNAL PROCESSING, Netherlands, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 323-334, December 1993.

[J49] K C Tan, G L Oh and M H Er, "A Study of the Uniqueness of Steering Vector in Array Processing", SIGNAL PROCESSING, Netherlands, Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 245-256, December 1993.

[J50] M H Er, T H Ooi, L S Li and C J Liew, "A DSP-Based Acoustics Feedback Canceller for Public Address Systems", Microprocessors and Microsystems, UK, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 39-47, January/February 1994.

[J51] B P Ng, M H Er and C Kot, "Array Gain/Phase Calibration Techniques for Adaptive Beamforming and Direction Finding", IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, UK, Vol. 141, No. 1, pp. 25-29, February 1994.

[J52] K C Tan, M H Er, and G L Oh, "A New Measure for Assessing the Accuracy of Direction-of-Arrival Estimate", SIGNAL PROCESSING, Netherlands, Vol. 35, No. 3, pp. 295-303, February 1994.

[J53] B P Ng, M H Er and C Kot, “Linear Array Aperture Synthesis with Minimum Sidelobe Level and Null Control”, IEE Proceedings - Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, UK, Vol. 141, No. 3, pp. 162-166, June 1994.

[J54] M H Er, and B C Ng, "A New Approach to Robust Beamforming in the Presence of Steering Vector Errors", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, USA, Vol. 42, No. 7, pp. 1826-1829, July 1994.

[J55] M H Er and B C Ng, “A Self-Steered Array System for Microwave Communications”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, USA, Vol. 42, No. 8, pp. 1192-1195, August, 1994.

[J56] B P Ng, M H Er and C Kot, "A MUSIC Approach for Estimation of Directions of Arrival of Multiple Narrowband and Broadband Sources", SIGNAL PROCESSING, Netherlands, Vol. 40, pp. 319-323, November 1994.

[J57] Y H Sng, M H Er and Y C Soh, “Partially Adaptive Array Design Using DOA Estimation and Null Steering”, IEE Proceedings - Radar, Sonar and Navigation, UK, Vol. 142, No. 1, pp. 1-5, February 1995.

[J58] M H Er and C K Siew, “Design of FIR Filters Using Quadratic Programming Approach”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems, USA, Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 217-220, March 1995.

[J59] W S Ching, P S Toh and M H Er, “A Fast and Effective Occlusion Detection Algorithm”, International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 565-578, July 1995.

[J60] W S Ching, P S Toh and M H Er, “Robust Vergence with Concurrent Identification of Occlusion and Specular Highlights”, Journal of Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing: Image Understanding, USA, Vol. 62, No. 3, pp. 298-308, November 1995.

[J61] Lunji Qiu and M H Er, “Wavelet Spectrogram of Noisy Signals”, International Journal of Electronics, UK, Vol. 79, No. 5, pp. 665-677, November 1995.

[J62] S L Sim and M H Er, “Constrained Optimization Technique for General Array Pattern Synthesis”, IEE Electronics Letters, UK, Vol. 32, No. 10, pp. 861-862, May 1996.

[J63] S L Sim and M H Er, “An Effective Quiescent Pattern Control Strategy for GSC Structure”, IEEE Signal Processsing Letters, USA, Vol. 3, No. 8, pp. 236-238, August 1996.

[J64] M Zhang and M H Er, “An Alternative Algorithm for Estimating and Tracking Talker Location by Microphone Arrays”, Journal of Audio Engineering Society, USA, Vol. 44, No. 9, pp. 729-736, September 1996.

[J65] Jian Ming, A C Kot and M H Er, “Microphone Array System in Acoustical Source Localization Using Least Square Estimation”, Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, USA, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 581-591, 1996.

[J66] M Zhang and M H Er, “Calibration of Sensor Channel Delay Uncertainties for Linear Microphone Arrays in Far Field “, Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, USA, Vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 607-618, 1996.

[J67] M Zhang and M H Er, “Sensor Location Calibration for Bearing Estimation”, Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing, USA, Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 763-770, 1996.

[J68] M Zhang and M H Er, “Simple Unified Algorithm for Estimating and Tracking Location of Desired Talker by Microphone Arrays”, Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing, USA, Vol. 15, No. 6, pp. 749-762, 1996.

[J69] M Zhang and M H Er, “Robust Adaptive Beamforming for Microphone Arrays”, Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing, USA, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 207-216, 1997.

[J70] S L Sim and M H Er, “Sidelobe Suppression for General Arrays with Element Failures”, IEE Electronics Letters, UK, Vol. 33, No. 15, pp. 1278-1280,July 1997.

[J71] C Yap, W S Gan, M H Er and Kishan, “Bringing Real-Time Audio Effect to the PC”. DSP and Multimedia Technology, USA, Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 60-64, September/ October 1997.

[J72] Jian Ming, A C Kot and M H Er, “Performance Study of Time Delay Estimation in a Multi-path Environment”, Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, USA, Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 599-606, 1997.

[J73] B P Ng, M H Er and A C Kot, “A New Limit on Inter-element spacing for Linear Array”, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, USA, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 22-29, August 1998.

[J74] M Zhang, K C Tan and M H Er, “Three-Dimensional Sound Synthesis Based on Head-Related Transfer Functions”, Journal of Audio Engineering Society, USA, Vol. 46, No. 10, pp. 836-844, October 1998.

[J75] W S Gan, M H Er, C W Toh and S C Eng, "Virtual Surround Sound System", DSP & Multimedia Technology, USA, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 27-33, March/April 1999.

[J76] W S Gan, S E Tan, M H Er and Y K Chong “Elevated Speaker Projection for Digital Home Entertainment System”, IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Vol. 47, No. 3, pp. 631-637, August 2001.

[J77] C K Yeo, B S Lee and M H Er, “A Peering Architecture for Ubiquitous IP Multicast Streaming”, ACM Operating Systems Review, Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 82-95, July 2002.

[J78] C K Yeo, B S Lee, M H Er, “A Framework for Ubiquitous Video Streaming over IP Networks”, Journal of Networks and Computer Applications, 26(3), pp. 273-289, September 2003.

[J79] C K Yeo, B S Lee, M H Er, “A Survey of Application Layer Multicast Techniques”, Computer Communications, 27(15), pp. 1547-1568, September 2004.

[J80] M H Er and A C Kot, “ICIP ’04 in the Lion City – Singapore,” IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Vol. 21, No. 5 pp. 108-109, September 2004

[J81] Z L Yu and M H Er, “Robust Subspace Analysis and its Application in Microphone Array for Speech Enhancement,” IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, Vol. E88-A, No. 7, pp. 1708-1715, July 2005

[J82] J Yang, W S Gan, K S Tan and M H Er, “Acoustic Beamforming of a Parametric Speaker Comprising Ultrasonic Transducers”, Sensors and Actuators A : Physical, Vol. 125, No. 1, pp. 91-99, October 2005

[J83] C K Siew, G Feng, F Long and M H Er, “Congestion Control Based on Flow-state-dependant Dynamic Priority Scheduling”, IEE Proc. Communications, UK, Vol. 152, Issue 5, pp. 548-558, October 2005

[J84] Z L Yu and M H Er, “An Improved Array Steering Vector Estimation Method and Its Application in Speech Enhancement”, Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Vol. 2005, No. 18, pp. 2930-2937, Oct 2005

[J85] Y M Li and M H Er, “Theoretical Analysis of Gain and Phase Errors Calibration with Optimal Implementation for Linear Equi-spaced Array,” IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 54, No. 2, pp. 712-723, February 2006

[J86] W S Gan, J Yang, K S Tan and M H Er, “A Digital Beamsteerer for Difference Frequency in Parametric Array”, IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing, Vol 14, No.3, pp. 1018-1025, May 2006.

[J87] C K Siew and M H Er, “Multiservice Provisioning Mechanism with Service Curves Assurance for Per-class Scheduling Delay Guarantees,” IEE Proceedings - Communications , vol. 153, no. 6, pp. 846-855, December 2006.

[J88] Z L Yu and M H Er, “A Robust Capon Beamformer Against Uncertainty of Nominal Steering Vector”, EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, vol. 2006, pp. 1–8, Jan. 2006.

[J89] Z L Yu and M H Er, "A Robust Minimum Variance Beamformer with New Constraint on Uncertainty of Steering Vector", Signal Processing, Vol. 86, No. 9, pp. 2243-2254, September 2006.

[J90] Z L Yu, M H Er, W Ser and Z. Gu, “Spectral factorization for integer-interval sampled sequence with applications in array processing,” Signal Process., vol. 88, no. 7, pp. 1715–1724, July 2008, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2008.01.010.

[J91] Z L Yu, M H Er, and W Ser, “A Novel adaptive beamformer based on semidefinite programming (SDP) with constraints on magnitude response,” IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagations, Vol. 56, No. 5, pp. 1297-1307, May 2008.

[J92] Z L Yu, W Ser, and M H Er, “Robust response control for adaptive beamformers against arbitrary array imperfections,” Signal Process., vol. 88, no. 9, pp. 2234–2245, Sept. 2008, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2008.03.009.

[J93] Z L Yu, W Ser, M H Er, Z Gu and Y Li, "Robust Adaptive Beamformers Based on Worst-Case Optimization and Constraints on Magnitude Response", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, Vol. 57, No. 7, pp. 2615-2628, July 2009.

[J94] B P Ng, J P Lie, M H Er and A Feng, “A Practical Simple Geometry and Gain/Phase Calibration Technique for Antenna Array Processing”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 57, No. 7, pp. 1963-1972, July 2009.

[J95] Z L Yu, Z Gu, W Ser, M H Er and Y. Li, "Robust microphone array with flexibly controlled mainlobe and response ripple," Journal of Signal Processing Systems, Oct 2009, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-009-0424-6

[J96] Z L Yu, Z Gu, Y Li, W Ser and M H Er, "Robust Adaptive Beamformer Based on Worst-Case Semidefinite Programming", IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, vol. 58, no. 11, pp. 5914-5919, Nov 2010.

(b) Local

[J97] M H Er, "A Generalized Sidelobe Canceller for Adaptive Array Processing", IES Journal, Singapore, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 15-20, December 1988.

[J98] M H Er and K C Tan, "Robust Optimal Beamforming", IES Journal, Special Issue on Signal Processing, Singapore, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 61-72, October 1989.

[J99] M H Er, "Signal Processing Arrays for Strong Interference Suppression", IES, Journal, Special Issue on Signal Processing, Singapore, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp. 73-80, October 1989.

[J100] M H Er and A Cantoni, "Some Aspects of High Resolution Narrowband Array Processing", IES Journal, Special Issue on Defence Engineering, Singapore, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 33-42, August 1990.

[J101] M H Er, "Adaptive Algorithm for Direction-Finding of Narrowband Sources", Engineering Journal of Singapore, Singapore, Vol. 17, No. 11, pp. 35-42, December 1990.

[J102] M H Er and S K Hui, "An Improved Subspace Algorithm for Superresolution Spatial Spectrum Estimation", IES Journal, Singapore, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 35-41, February 1991.

[J103] M H Er and K C Tan, "A Study of the Design of Fixed Aperture Beamformer", IES Journal, Special Issue on Defence Engineering, Singapore, Vol. 31, No. 6, pp. 13-17, November/December 1991.

[J104] M H Er, Y H Sng and Y C Soh, "A Robust Generalized Sidelobe Canceller for Broadband Beamforming", IES Journal, Singapore, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp. 54-58, February 1992.

[J105] Lunji Qiu and M H Er, “Instantaneous Frequency Estimation Based On GroupDelay Approach”, IES Journal, Singapore, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 19-22, February 1994.

Conference Papers

[C1] A Cantoni and M H Er, "A New Class of Broadband Time Domain Element Space Antenna Array Processors", Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, USA, Vol. 3, pp. 40.11.1-40.11.4, March 1984.

[C2] M H Er and A Cantoni, "A New Approach to the Design of Broadband Element Space Antenna Array Processors", Proc. NATO Advanced Study Institute on Adaptive Methods in Underwater Acoustics, Germany, pp. 39-1 to 39-6, August 1984.

[C3] M H Er and A Cantoni, "A New Set of Linear Constraints for Broadband Time Domain Element Space Processors", International Conference on Developments in Marine Acoustics, Australia, pp. 193-199, December 1984.

[C4] M H Er and A Cantoni, "A New Set of Linear Constraints for Broadband Time Domain Element Space Processors", Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, USA, Vol. 4, pp. 1800-1803, March 1985.

[C5] M H Er and A Cantoni, "A New Approach to the Design of Robust Narrowband Array Processors", Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Japan, Vol. 4, pp. 47.10.1-47.10.4, April 1986.

[C6] M H Er, "A Class of Optimization Problems with Linear and Quadratic Constraints", Proc. International Conference on Optimization : Techniques and Applications, Singapore, pp. 181-190, April 1987.

[C7] M H Er, "An Unconstrained Partitioned Realization for Derivative Constrained Broadband Antenna Array Processors", Proc. International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, Australia, pp. 402-407, August 1987.

[C8] M H Er and E Sung, "A Microcomputer-Based Multi Frequency Code (MFC) Monitoring Equipment", Proc. IEEE Asian Electronics Conference, Hong Kong, pp. 458-462, September 1987.

[C9] M H Er and V Srinivasan, "A Microcomputer-Controlled Optical Film Plotter with Applications", Proc. IEEE Asian Electronics Conferences, Hong Kong, pp. 347-352, September 1987.

[C10] E K Teoh, M H Er, P E Ang and L T Aw, "A Digital Controller for Improving the Dynamic Accuracy of a Robotic Manipulator", Proc. IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Singapore, pp. 12-16, October 1988.

[C11] E K Teoh, M H Er, K S Ang and C Y Chia, "A New Recursive Inverse Kinematics Algorithm and Torque Calculation for Robotic Manipulator", Proc. International Conference on Computer Aided Technology, Hong Kong, pp. 166-175, October 1988.

[C12] M H Er, "Optimization with Controlled Broad Null Placement in Antenna Array Pattern Synthesis", Proc. International Conference on Communication Systems, Singapore, pp. 511- 515, November 1988.

[C13] M H Er, "A Constrained Adaptive Antenna Array Processor Tolerant of Array Gain and Phase Errors", Proc. International Conference on Communication Systems, Singapore, pp. 438-442, November 1988.

[C14] M H Er and H K Tang, "Ghost Image Cancellation in Teletext and Teleview by Digital Signal Processing", Proc. International Conference on Communication Systems, Singapore, pp. 96-100, November 1988.

[C15] E K Teoh, M H Er, K S Ang and S Y Chia, "New Techniques in Inverse Kinematics Computation and Torque Measurement for Robotic Manipulator", Proc. International Conference on Automation in Manufacturing, Singapore, pp. 10.68-10.77, November 1988.

[C16] M H Er, "Designing Linear Antenna Array with Broad Spatial Nulls", Proc. International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Japan, pp. 573-576, August 1989.

[C17] M H Er, "Beamforming Under Directional and Spatial Derivative Constraints", Proc. International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Japan, pp. 577-580, August 1989.

[C18] M H Er, "Broadband Beamforming Using a Generalized Sidelobe Canceller", Proc. International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Japan, pp. 341-344, August 1989.

[C19] C S Lee, M H Er and R J Evans, "A Simplified Approach for Radio Direction Findings", Proc. International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Japan, pp. 309-312, August 1989.

[C20] M H Er and T H Ooi, "An Electronic Sound Attenuator", Proc. International Conference on Noise and Vibration, Singapore, pp. E-116 to E-122, August 1989.

[C21] M H Er and K C Tan, "Robust Optimum Beamforming", Proc. MINDEF-NUS-NTI Joint R&D Seminar, Singapore, pp. 69-82, October 1989.

[C22] E K Teoh, M H Er, P E Ang and L T Aw, "Real-Time Control of a Robotic Manipulator Performing a Repetitive Task", Proc. IEEE TENCON '89, India, pp. 531-534, November 1989.

[C23] M H Er and S K Hui, "An Improved MUSIC Algorithm for Superresolution Array Processing", Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, USA, pp. 2843-2846, April 1990.

[C24] S K Hui and M H Er, "Adaptive Recursive Algorithms for Image Restoration and Array Processing", Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal processing, USA, pp. 2859-2862, April 1990.

[C25] E K Teoh and M H Er, "A DSP-Based Digital Controller for Improving the Dynamic Accuracy of a Robotic Manipulator", Proc. IA '90 Conference, Singapore, pp. 693-705, May 1990.

[C26] M H Er, "Direction-Finding Using a Modified Minimum Eigenvector Technique", Proc. SPIE International Conference on Advanced Signal Processing Algorithms, Architectures and Implementation, San Diego, California, USA, pp. 116-124, July 1990.

[C27] M H Er and C S Lee, "A New Postbeamformer Interference Canceller", Proc. International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, Australia, pp. 384-387, August 1990.

[C28] C S Lee and M H Er, "High Resolution Algorithm for Parameters Estimation of Multiple Narrowband and Wideband Sources", Proc. International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, Australia, pp. 347-351, August 1990.

[C29] M H Er, "A New Approach to the Design of Postbeamformer Interference Canceller", Proc. OCEAN'S '90 Conference, Washington DC, USA, pp. 512-517, September 1990.

[C30] M H Er, "Antenna Array Synthesis Using Eigenvector Technique", Proc. International Conference on Signal Processing '90, Beijing, China, pp. 1125-1128, October 22-26, 1990.

[C31] M H Er and C S Lee, "A Signal Subspace Approach to High Resolution Array Processing", Proc. International Conference on Signal Processing '90, Beijing, China, pp. 1129-1132, October 22-26, 1990.

[C32] M H Er, "A New Technique for Linear Array Synthesis", Proc. International Conference on Communication Systems, Singapore, pp. 27.4.1-27.4.5, November 1990.

[C33] M H Er, "Partially Adaptive Array Design Using Eigenbeams Approach", Proc. International Conference on Communication Systems, Singapore, pp. 18.5.1-18.5.5, November 1990.

[C34] M H Er and S K Hui, "A Superresolution Spatial Spectrum Estimator", Proc. International Conference on Communications Systems, Singapore, pp. 22.8.1-22.8.5, November 1990.

[C35] H K Tang and M H Er, "Multipath Signal Suppression Using Digital Signal Processing ICs", Proc. International Conference on Communications Systems, Singapore, pp. 30.7.1-30.7.4, November 1990.

[C36] S K Hui and M H Er, "Fast Iterative Algorithm for Harmonics Retrieval", IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Toronto, Canada, pp. 1433-1436, May 1991.

[C37] M H Er, "Robust Notch Filter Design", IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Singapore, pp. 272-275, June 1991.

[C38] M H Er and D J Wong, "Design and Implementation of RSA Cryptosystem Using Multiple DSP Chips", IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Singapore, pp. 49-52, June 1991.

[C39] T S Loke, D Tan, H S Seah and M H Er, "Rendering Fireworks Displays", CG International '91 : Visualization of Physical Phenomena, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, June 1991.

[C40] O K Tan, M H Er, Y C Chow and W S Chow, "Computer-Aided Analysis of IC Chips Using Digital Image Processing Techniques", Proc. 2nd IES Information Technology Conference, Singapore, Vol. 2, pp. 85-90, July 1991.

[C41] M H Er, "Designing Antenna Array with Low Sidelobe", Proc. 4th International Symposium on IC Design, Manufacture & Applications, Singapore, pp. 539-544, September 1991.

[C42] O K Tan, M H Er, Y C Chow and W S Chow, "An Automatic Layer Extraction of IC Chips", Proc. International Conference on Information and Systems, AMSE 1991, Hangzhou, China, Vol. 3, pp. 1346-1349, October 1991.

[C43] M H Er and K C Tan, "A Study of the Design of Fixed Aperture Beamformer", Proc. MINDEF-NTU Joint R&D Seminar, Singapore, pp. 9-13, November 1991.

[C44] Y H Leung, A Cantoni and M H Er, "Quadratically Constrained Array Processor - Dependence on the Coordinate and a New Formulation", Proc. 3rd International Symposium on Signal Processing and Its Application, Australia, August 1992.

[C45] M H Er and B C Ng, "A New Approach to Robust Beamforming against Steering Error", Proc. International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Japan, pp. 168-172, September 1992.

[C46] M H Er, "Array Pattern Synthesis in the Presence of Element Failure", Proc. International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Japan, pp. 9-12, September 1992.

[C47] O K Tan and M H Er, "Extracting Layers from Optical Images of Silicon Integrated Circuit Chips", Proc. 2nd International Conference on Image Processing, Singapore, pp. 571-575, September 1992.

[C48] O K Tan and M H Er, "Colour Image Segmentation of Layer Patterns on Silicon Integrated Circuit Chips", Proc. 2nd International Conference on Image Processing, Singapore, pp. 707-711, September 1992.

[C49] M H Er and Y H Sng, "A New GSC Beamformer Employing DOA Estimation and Null Steering", Proc. ICCS/ISITA '92, Singapore, pp. 816-820, November 1992.

[C50] M H Er and B C Ng, "A Robust Broadband Beamforming in the Presence of Beam-steered Angle Error", Proc. ICCS/ISITA '92, Singapore, pp. 826-830, November 1992.

[C51] H K Tang and M H Er, "Real-time Front-end Image Processor", Proc. MINDEF-NTU Joint R&D Seminar, Singapore, pp. 107-114, November 1992.

[C52] M H Er and B C Ng, "A New Approach to Robust Beamforming in the Presence of Steering Vector Errors", Proc. MINDEF-NTU Joint R&D Seminar, Singapore, pp. 89-94, November 1992.

[C53] H K Tang and M H Er, "EMI Susceptibility Testing of Microprocessor-based System", Proc. International Electromagnetic Compatibility Symposium, Singapore, pp. 63-69, December 1992.

[C54] W S Ching, P S Toh, K L Chan and M H Er, "Robust Vergence with Concurrent Detection of Occlusion and Specular Highlights", Proc. Fourth International Conference on Computer Vision, Berlin, Germany, pp. 384-394, May 1993.

[C55] C K Siew and M H Er, "An Investigation of the Throughput and Delay Performance of MP-CSMA/CD Protocol Steered by an Adaptive Algorithm", Proc. IEEE Singapore International Conference on Networks & International Conference on Information Engineering '93, Singapore, pp. 244-248, September 1993.

[C56] W S Ching, P S Toh and M H Er, "A New Specular Highlights Detection Algorithm Using Multiple Views", Proc. IEEE Singapore International Conference on Networks & International Conference on Information Engineering '93, Singapore, pp. 474-478, September 1993.

[C57] M H Er, "Design of FIR Filters Using Quadratic Programming Approach", Proc. Fifth International Symposium on IC Technology, Systems & Applications, Singapore, pp. 430-434, September 1993.

[C58] W S Ching, P S Toh and M H Er, "Adaptive Windows Selection for Active Stereo Vision", Proc. Fifth International Symposium on IC Technology, Systems & Applications, Singapore, pp. 766-770, September 1993.

[C59] W S Ching, P S Toh and M H Er, "Improving the Reliability of Detecting Occlusion", Proc. Fifth International Symposium on IC Technology, Systems & Applications, Singapore, pp. 663-667, September 1993.

[C60] C K Siew and M H Er, "Implementation of MP-CSMA/CD Protocol Using FIR Filters", Proc. Fifth International Symposium on IC Technology, Systems & Applications, Singapore, pp. 176-180, September 1993.

[C61] G Li and M H Er, "Adaptive Noise Filtering with FIR Filters", Proc. European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design, Switzerland, September 1993.

[C62] M H Er, T H Ooi, L S Li and C J Liew, "A DSP-Based Acoustic Feedback Canceller for Public Address Systems", Proc. International Conference on Signal Processing '93, Beijing, China, pp. 1251-1254, October 1993.

[C63] M H Er, "Design of FIR Filters via Lagrange Multiplier Approach", Proc. International Conference on Signal Processing '93, Beijing, China, pp. 127-130, October 1993.

[C64] M H Er and B C Ng, "The Performance of Optimal Beamforming Techniques for DOA Estimation", Proc. International Conference on Signal Processing '93, Beijing, China, pp. 440-442, October 1993.

[C65] G Li and M H Er, "A New Algorithm for Recursive Adaptive Filters", Proc. International Conference on Signal Processing '93, Beijing, China, pp. 466-469, October 1993.

[C66] Y H Sng, M H Er and Y C Soh, "Partially Adaptive Array Design Using DOA Estimation and Null Steering", Proc. International Conference on Signal Processing '93, Beijing, China, pp. 405-408, October 1993.

[C67] W S Ching, P S Toh and M H Er, "Normalised-weighted Variable-Size Crosscorrelation Algorithm for Fusional Vergence", Proc. International Conference on Signal Processing '93, Beijing, China, pp. 1094-1097, October 1993.

[C68] A C Kot and M H Er, "Performance Analysis of Single Damped Sinusoid Frequency Estimation Using State-Variable Balancing", Proc. International Conference on Signal Processing '93, Beijing, China, pp. 214-217, October 1993.

[C69] C K Siew and M H Er, "An Adaptive Algorithm for Performance Optimization of Modified P-Persistent CSMA/CD Local Area Network", Proc. IEEE TENCON '93, Beijing, China, pp. 175-178, October 1993.

[C70] C K Siew and M H Er, "Investigation of the Throughput and Delay Performance of MP-CSMA/CD Using an Adaptive Algorithm with 2 Levels of Priorities", Proc. IEEE TENCON '93, Beijing, China, pp. 492-495, October 1993.

[C71] W S Ching, P S Toh and M H Er, "Recognition of Partially Occluded Object", Proc. IEEE TENCON '93, Beijing, China, pp. 930-933, October 1993.

[C72] W S Ching, P S Toh, M H Er and D P Mital, "A Novel Fast Vergence Movement Algorithm with Self-calibration", Asian Conference on Computer Vision (ACCV '93), Osaka, Japan, pp. 826-829, November 1993.

[C73] M H Er and B C Ng, “A Self-Steered Array System for Microwave Communications”, Proc. IEEE TENCON ‘94, Singapore, pp. 587-591, August 1994.

[C74] B P Ng, M H Er and C Kot, “ A MUSIC Approach for Estimation of Directions of Arrival of Multiple Narrowband and Broadband Sources”, Proc. IEEE TENCON ‘94, Singapore, pp. 537-540, August 1994.

[C75] E K Teoh, M H Er, W M Wong and T L Wong, “Intelligent Control of Robotic Manipulators with DSP”, Proc. - IEEE SMC ‘94 Conference on Human, Information and Technology, USA, October 1994.

[C76] Y H Sng, M H Er and Y C Soh, “An Efficient Method for DOA Estimation Using Linear Array”, Proc. International Conference on Communication Systems, Singapore, pp. 40-44, November 1994.

[C77] B P Ng and M H Er, “A Gain/Phase Calibration Technique for Adaptive Beamforming”, Proc. International Conference on Communication Systems, Singapore, pp. 912-914, November 1994.

[C78] L H Tan, L Chin and M H Er, “Design of a New L-Band Phase-Array Radar”, Proc. International Conference on Communication Systems, Singapore, pp. 1034-1038, November 1994.

[C79] G Li and M H Er, “Wordlength Estimation for Implementing Stable Digital Filters” Proc 3rd International Conference on Automation, Robotics and Computer Vision, Singapore, pp. 1392-1396, November 1994.

[C80] L H Tan, L Chin and M H Er “Design of a Phase-Array Radar System”, DTG Radar Technology Seminar, Singapore, pp. 15-20, January 1995.

[C81] L H Tan, L Chin, M H Er and J S Fu “Radar Waveform Selection and Data Processing” Proc. IEEE Singapore International Conference on Signal Processing, Circuits and Systems ‘95, Singapore, pp. 145-150, July 1995.

[C82] G Li and M H Er, “Reduction of Error Propagation in Linear System Computations”, Proc. IEEE Singapore International Conference on Signal Processing, Circuits and Systems ‘95, Singapore, pp. 114-119, July 1995.

[C83] M Zhang and M H Er, “Tracking Direction of Speaker for Microphone Array in the Far Field”, Proc. IEEE Singapore International Conference on Networks and International Conference on Information Engineering ‘95, Singapore, pp. 541-544, July 1995.

[C84] L Qiu, M H Er and A C Kot, “Cross-Term Analysis in the Wigner Distribution”, Proc. IEEE Singapore International Conference on Signal Processing, Circuits and Systems ‘95, Singapore, pp. 40-45, July 1995.

[C85] K K Yan, Y Lu and M H Er, “Application of Constrained Adaptive Technique to Array Pattern Synthesis”, Proc. IEEE Singapore International Conference on Signal Processing, Circuits and Systems ‘95, pp. 94-98, July 1995.

[C86] G Li and M H Er, “Adaptive Fundamental Frequency Estimation”, Proc. European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design, Turkey, August 1995.

[C87] W S Gan, C Quay, M H Er and M Rizal, “Parallel Implementations of Adaptive Signal Processing with Analysis”, Proc. Six International Conference on Signal Processing Applications & Technology, USA, pp. 1517-1521, October 1995.

[C88] M Zhang and M H Er, “A New Method of Tracking Talker Location for Microphone Arrays in Near Field”, 1995 IEEE ASSP Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, October 1995.

[C89] M Zhang and M H Er, “Adaptive Beamforming by Microphone Arrays”, Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM ‘95, Singapore, pp. 163-167, November 1995.

[C90] B P Ng and M H Er, “New Techniques for Broadband Beamformer Design With or Without Phase Dependency” Proc. International Conference on Neural Networks and Signal Processing, Nanjing, China, pp. 1095-1101, December 1995. (Invited paper).

[C91] M Zhang and M H Er, “Estimating Talker Location from Microphone Array Data in Small Rooms”, Proc. International Conference on Neural Networks and Signal Processing, Nanjing, China, pp. 867-870, December 1995.

[C92] H K Tang and M H Er, “Innovation and Technopreneurship: Singapore in Transition, Proc. the Sixth ENDEC World Conference on Entrepreneurship, Shanghai, China, pp. 358-365, December 1995.

[C93] Y H Sng, M H Er and Y C Soh, “A Partially Adaptive Eigenbased Method for DOA Estimation of Fractical Bandwidth Wideband Signals”, Proc. International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, Japan, pp. 741-744, September 1996.

[C94] R Venkateswarlu, M H Er, Y H Gan and Y C Fong, “Area-correlation Tracker with Improved Reliability”, Proc. SPIE’s 11^th Annual International Symposium on Aerospace/Defence Sensing, Simulation and Controls, Orlando, Florida, USA, Vol. 3086-27, April 1997.

[C95] R Venkateswarlu, M H Er, Y H Gan and Y C Fong, “Nonuniformity Compensation for IRFPA Sensors”, Proc. SPIE’s 11^th Annual International Symposium on Aerospace/Defence Sensing, Simulation and Controls, Orlando, Florida, USA, Vol. 3061-104, pp. 915-926, April 1997.

[C96] R Venkateswarlu, M H Er, S C Tam and C W Chan, “Design Consideration of IRST System”, Proc. SPIE’s 11^th Annual International Symposium on Aerospace/Defence Sensing, Simulation and Controls, Orlando, Florida, USA, Vol. 3061-72, pp. 591-602, April 1997.

[C97] M Jian, A C Kot and M H Er, “Performance Analysis of Time Delay Estimation in a Multipath Environment”, Proc. International Conference on Digital Signal Processing, Greece, June 1997.

[C98] M Zhang, M H Er and K C Tan, “A New Fast Algorithm for Estimating and Tracking the Location of a Desired Talker Using a Microphone Array”, Proc. International Conference on Signal Processing Applications & Technology, San Diego, USA, pp. 697-701, September 1997.

[C99] M Zhang, M H Er and K C Tan, “Blind Estimation of Multiple Co-Channel Digital Signals Using Base Station Antenna Arrays”, Proc. International Conference on Signal Processing Applications & Technology, San Diego, USA, pp. 419-422, September 1997.

[C100] M Jian, A C Kot and M H Er, “Time Delay Estimation of Multi-Path Based on Symmetry Measure of GCC Function”, Proc. First International Conference on Information , Communications and Signal Processing, Singapore, pp. 1401-1404, September 1997.

[C101] Jian Ming, A C Kot and M H Er, “Performance Study of Time Delay Estimation in a Room Environment”, Proc. International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, USA, May 1998, MWA 01.1.1-4.

[C102] Jian Ming, A C Kot and M H Er, “DOA Estimation of Speech Source with Microphone Arrays”, Proc. International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, USA, May, 1998, MWP 13.10.1-4.

[C103] R Venkateswarlu, M H Er, W Ser and D D Suyog, “Tracking of Low-observable Point-targets”, Proc. IASTED International Conference on Signal & Image processing, USA, pp 253-257, October 1998.

[C104] M Zhang, K C Tan and M H Er, "A Refined Algorithm of 3D Sound Synthesis", International Conference on Signal Processing, Beijing, October 1998.

[C105] Z Y Zhang, K C Tan and M H Er, “Affine Point Transfer for Stereo Matching of Dense Points” Proc. 5^th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Computer Vision, Singapore, pp. 1626-1631, December 1998.

[C106] S Deshpande, M H Er and R Venkateswarlu “Detection and Tracking of Moving Point-Targets in IR Images”, Proc. 5th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Computer Vision, Singapore, pp. 1252-1256, December 1998.

[C107] V Ronda, M H Er and W Ser, “Face Detection, Tracking and Recognition - A Study”, Proc. 5th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Computer Vision, Singapore, pp. 50-55, December 1998.

[C108] V Ronda, Suyog D Deshpande, Philip Chan and M H Er, "Multi-mode Algorithm for Detection and Tracking of Point-targets", Proc. SPIE 13^thAnnual International Symposium on Aero Sense, Infrared Imaging Systems: Acquisition, Tracking and Pointing XIII, Orlando, USA, 5-9 April 1999.

[C109] W L New, M H Tan, M H Er and V Ronda, " A New Method for Detection of Dim Point-Targets in Infra Red Images", Proc. SPIE 44^th Annual International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering and Instrumentation, Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets, Colorado, USA, 18-23 July 1999.

[C110] Suyog D. Deshpande, M H Er, V Ronda, Phillip Chan, "Max-mean and Median-mean Filters for Detection Small-targets", Proc. SPIE's 44^th Annual International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering and Instrumentation, Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets, Colorado, USA, 18-23 July 1999.

[C111] V Ronda, W Ser, M H Er, Suyog D Deshpande, "Detection and Tracking of the Human in Natural Scenes", Proc. International Conference on Information, Communication and Signal Processing, Singapore, 7-10 Dec 1999.

[C112] V Ronda, W Ser, M H Er, P Chan, "Emerging Electro-optical Technologies for Defense Applications", Proc. International Symposium on Photonics and Applications (ISPA '99), Singapore, 29 Nov-3 Dec 1999.

[C113] K H Loh, M H Er and S K Hui, “Creating a High Resolution Image from Registration and Reconstruction of Spatially Shifted Low Resolution Images”, Proc. IS & T Image Processing, Image Quality, Image Capture Systems Conference 2000 (PICS 2000), Portland, Oregon 2000, pp. 293-296, March 26-29, 2000

[C114) K H Loh, M H Er and S K Hui, “High Accuracy Registration of Translated and Rotated Images Using Hierarchical Method”, Proc. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Istanbul, Turkey, Vol. 4, pp. 2211-2214, June 6-9, 2000.

[C115] K H Loh, M H Er and S K Hui, “High Performance Image Fusion Using Wavelet and Image Registration”, Proc. International Institute of Informatics and Systemic’s 4^th World Multiconference on Systems, Cybernetice and Informatics, SCI 2000, Orlando, Florida, Vol. 5, pp. 167-170, July 23-26, 2000.

[C116] V Ronda, W L New, M H Tan and M H Er “Adaptive Threshold based Spatio-Temporal Filtering Techniques for Detection of Small Targets”, Proc. SPIE AeroSense 2000, Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets 2000, Vol. 4048, Orlando, USA, April 2000.

[C117] W S Gan, S E Tan and M H Er “3D Audio Processing for Elevated Speakers Using the TI62 EVM Board”, Audio Applications Symposium, DSPS FEST 2000 – DSP Technology and Education Conference, USA, August 2000.

[C118] S E Tan, W S Gan, M H Er and J Yang, “Elevated Surround Sound System Using 3D Audio Processing”, Proc. ICSPAT 2000, Texas, USA, Oct 2000.

[C119] K H Loh, M H Er and S K Hui, “Digital Image Fusion”, Proc. Workshop on Signal Processing Applications, WoSPA 2000, Australia, December 2000.

[C120] W S Gan, S E Tan, M H Er and Y K Chong, “Elevated Speaker Projection for Digital Home Entertainment System”, Proc. International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Los Angeles, USA, June 2001.

[ C121] P Gupta, C K Yeo, B S Lee and M H Er, “A Dynamic Multicast Tunnelling Architecture for Multimedia Applications”, WSES/IEEE Multimedia, Internet, Video Technologies 2001, Malta, pp. 2661-2666, September 2001.

[C122] W Xie, J Lou, M H Er and V Ronda, “Cost-effective Multimode Stereo Face Detection and Tracking”, Proc. International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing, Singapore, October 2001.

[C123] P Gupta, C K Yeo, B S Lee and M H Er, “An Architecture for Multicast and Unicast Bridge”, 3^rd International Conference on Information, Communications and Signal Processing, Singapore, October 2001.

[C124] C K Yeo, B S Lee and M H Er, “An Overlay for Ubiquitous Streaming over Internet”, IFIP International Conference Networking 2002, Pisa, Italy, pp. 1239-1244, May 2002.

[C125] K Lee, J Yang, W S Gan, M H Er, “Modeling nonlinearity of air Volterra kernels for use in a parametric array loudspeaker”, 112^th AES Convention, Munich, Germany, preprint 5635, May 2002.

[C126] C K Yeo, B S Lee and M H Er, “A Dynamic Peering Network for Multicast Streaming”, IEEE International Conference on Networking ICN 2002, Atlanta, USA, pp. 139-149, August 2002.

[C127] C K Siew, J Tang, G B Huang, J Sheng and M H Er, “Dynamic Priority Scheduling Discipline”, IASTED Communications and Computer Networks (CCN 2002), Cambridge, USA, November 2002.

[C128] K S Tan, W S Gan, J Yang and M H Er, “Constant beamwidth beamformer for difference frequency in parametric array”, IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo (ICME), Baltimora, USA, Vol. 2, pp. 593-596, July 2003.

[C129] K S Tan, W S Gan, J Yang and M H Er, “Constant beamwidth beamformer for difference frequency in parametric array”, IEEE on ICASSP 03, Hong Kong, Vol. 5, pp. 361-364, April 2003.

[C130] C K Yeo, B S Lee, M H Er, “Application Layer Multicast Architecture for Media Streaming”, 7^th IASTED International Conference on Internet & Multimedia Systems & Applications (IMSA) 2003, Honolulu, USA, August 2003.

[C131] Z L Yu, Q Zou and M H Er, "A Robust Wideband Array Beamformer Using Fan Filters", ISCAS2003, Bangkok, Thailand, pp. 101-104, May 2003.

[C132] Z L Yu and M H Er, "Robust Beamformer Design By Power Minimization And Its Unconstrained Partitioned Implementation", ISCAS2003, Bangkok, Thailand, Volume 4, 29-32, May 2003.

[C133] Z L Yu, Q Zou and M H Er, "An Generalized Robust Wideband Array Beamformer", IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems, Korea, pp. 122-125, August 2003.

[C134] Z L Yu, Q Zou and M H Er, “A New Approach to Robust Beamforming Against Generalized Phase Errors”, IEEE 6th Circuit and System Symposium on Emerging Technologies, Shanghai, China, May 2004.

[C135] Z L Yu and M H Er, “An Extended Generalized Sidelobe Canceller in Time and Frequency Domain”, ISCAS2004, Vancouver, Canada, May 2004.

[C136] Z L Yu, M H Er, “Blind Multichannel Identification for Speech Dereverberation and Enhancement”, Proc IEEE ICASSP04, Montreal, Canada, Vol. 4, pp. 105-108, May 2004.

[C137] Z L Yu, M H Er, “A Robust Adaptive Blind Multichannel Identification Algorithm for Acoustic Applications”, Proc ICASSP04, Montreal, Canada, Vol. 2, pp. 25-28, May 2004.

[C138] K S Tan, W S Gan, J Yang and M H Er, “An efficient digital beamsteering system for difference frequency in parametric array,” Proc IEEE ICASSP 04, Montreal, Canada, Vol. 2, pp. 193-196, May 2004.

[C139] C K Siew, J Tang, J Sheng and M H Er, “Delay Differentiation and Service Guarantee by a Novel Dynamic Priority Scheduling Algorithm with Nested Static Priority”, Globecom 2004, Dallas, Texas, USA, 29 Nov-3 Dec 2004.

[C140] K H Loh, M H Er and S K Hui, “High Performance Image Fusion using Wavelet and Image Registration”, International Symposium on Risk Management and Cyber-Informatics: RMCI ’04, Orlando, Florida, USA, July 2004.

[C141] J G Zhang, K K Ma, M H Er and V Chong, “Tumor Segmentation from Magnetic Resonance Imaging by Learning via One-Class Support Vector Machine”, International Workshop on Advanced Image Technology (IWAIT ’04), Singapore, January 2004.

[C142] Z L Yu and M H Er, "A Robust Capon Beamformer with New Uncertainty Constraint on Steering Vector", Proc IEEE ICASSP 06, Toulouse, France, pp. 1029-1032, May 2006.

[C143] Z L Yu, W Ser and M H Er, "A Novel Robust Adaptive Beamformer based on Linear Optimization", Proc. ICICS, Singapore, pp. 1-4, Dec 2007.

[C144] X X Hu, H J Zhang, Z L Yu, and M H Er, “Pattern synthesis via convex optimization for microphone array”, Proc. IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems (SiPS), Shanghai, China, pp. 548-551, Oct 2007.

[C145] Z L Yu, M H Er, and W Ser, “Novel adaptive antenna array based on robust semidefinite programming”, Proc. ICC, Beijing, China, pp. 825-829, May 2008.

[C146] Z L Yu, W Ser, and M H Er, “Robust adaptive beamformers with LMI constraints on magnitude response”, Proc. ICC, Beijing, China, pp. 815-819, May 2008.

[C147] Z L Yu, W Ser, and M H Er, “Robust adaptive beamformers with linear matrix inequality constraints”, Proc. ISCAS, Seattle, Washington, USA, pp. 3214-3217, May 2008.

[C148] Z L Yu, W Ser, and M H Er, “Robust adaptive beamformers exploiting symmetric structure of array”, Proc. ICIEA, Singapore, pp. 2439-2443, June 2008.

[C149] Z L Yu, W Ser and M H Er, "A Novel Robust Adaptive Beamformer based on worst-case Linear Optimization", Proc. ICIEA, Singapore, pp. 2435-2438, June 2008.

[C150] Z L Yu, M H Er and W Ser, "Array steering vector estimation with non-stationary noise exploiting calibrated noise subspace," Proc. ICIEA, Singapore, pp. 2452-2457, June 2008.

[C151] Z L Yu, Z Gu, Y Li, W Ser and M H Er, “Robust Adaptive Beamformer with a Large Controlled Mainlobe,” Proc. IEEE ICASSP 2010, pp. 2542-2545, March 2010.

[C152] Z L Yu, Z Gu, Y Li, W Ser and M H Er, “Robust response control with linear inequality matrix contraints for adaptive beamformer,” Proc. ISCAS, pp. 2131-2134, June 2010.

[C153] T Wang, B P Ng, M H Er, “Multiple Peer-to-Peer Communications for Two-way Relay Networks”, The Eight International Conference on Information Communications and Signal Processing, ICICS2011, December 2011, Singapore.

[C154] T Wang, B P Ng, M H Er, “DOA Estimation of Amplitude Modulated Signals with Less Array Sensors than Sources”, The 37^th International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP2012), March 2012, Kyoto, Japan.

Patents

[P1] “Method and Apparatus for Generating Directional Sound Using an Ultrasonic Carrier Wave”, Patent Application No. 200105344-6 (Singapore).

[P2] “Method and Apparatus for Enhancing the Sound Quality of an Ultrasonic Loudspeaker System”, Patent Application No. 200105345-3 (Singapore).

[P3] “Steering of Directional Sound Beams,” International Application Number: PCT/SG02/00195, International Publication Number: WO 03/019125, 6 March 2003.

[P4] “Steering of Directional Sound Beams,” US Patent Application No. 10/789,243, Ref No. TD/215/US, Filing date: 28 February 2004.

[P5] “Speaker Verification From a Projection Matrix”, Patent No. 91535 (Singapore).